低洼小区雨水排水的探讨

随着城市建设的大规模开展,大型低洼小区排水成为经常遇到的难题。该文通过工程实例,分析如何利用挡水设施、地面径流控制措施、现场外径流控制措施等方法,解决大型低洼小区雨水排水问题,以期用最低的投资来获取最大的排水安全性。     

Behavior of bridge girders with corrugated webs under monotonic and cyclic loading

The focus of this study is to investigate the behavior of plate girders with trapezoidally corrugated webs under fatigue loading. Six girders were tested under both monotonic and cyclic four-point loading arrangements. A relationship between the stress range, F_r, and the number of cycles to failure, N, was developed for the girders. The results from the fatigue tests were related to the current AASHTO specifications and compared with the test results of different types of girders carried out by others. Nonlinear finite element analyses were conducted to study the effects of the different geometrical parameters of this type of girders on the stress concentrations at different locations and to explain the findings of the experimental study. Two sources of stress concentration leading to fatigue cracking were isolated and evaluated; one is dependent on the radius of curvature between the web folds and the other depends on the inclination angle of the inclined fold. An analytical technique based on fracture mechanics is also proposed to enable designers to determine the fatigue life of corrugated web steel girders.     

振冲置换法处理衡运大厦液化地基

结合工程实例,按照《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011—2001),较为详细地分析了饱和地基在地震时产生液化的原因、地基土地震液化的判别、液化指数的计算、液化等级的划分、地基液化的处理方法和振冲置换法的设计。用载荷试验方法对单桩允许承载力进行了检测和沉降观测,采用静力触探和标准贯入对碎石桩处理液化土层的效果进行了检验。结果表明,采用振冲置换处理饱和地基,改善原地基土的力学性质,液化地基处理效果良好,提高了地基土的整体承载力,减少了沉降量。     

8度区异形柱框架-剪力墙结构的振动台试验研究

为了对比异形柱框架-剪力墙结构与框架结构在抗震性能、破坏机理等方面的异同,探讨其在高烈度地震区的适用性,根据相同的背景情况设计制作了一个1/8比例的10层异形柱框架-剪力墙模型,进行了振动台试验。根据设计计算的结果和振动台试验中出现的现象及其分析,研究了计算方法的适用性、结构的总体抗震性能和破坏机制。指出该体系具有易于满足位移要求、在大震中以梁铰机制为主、抗倒塌能力强等特点;同时通过与框架结构破坏现象的对比,说明了这种体系可以有效地解决节点承载力问题,在高烈度区应用异形柱结构时应优先采用。     

点支式玻璃幕墙格构式钢结构支承构件的设计

近来在点支式建筑玻璃幕墙支承结构中钢结构的应用比例不断扩大 ,结构构件形式也很多 ,就格构式钢结构构件设计计算中常见的一些问题 ,结合作者的工作经验提出一些建议     

Profiles of mean wind speeds and vertical turbulence intensities measured at seashore and two inland sites using Doppler sodars

The authors’ group has been conducting full-scale measurements of wind velocities with Doppler sodars. It is very important to accurately assess the profiles of mean wind speeds and turbulence intensities in relation to terrain roughness. In this study, the profiles were evaluated for all data measured over a long period at a seashore and two inland sites. It is confirmed that for strong winds the profiles can be approximated by a single power law at altitudes between 50 and 340 m. The power law exponents of the mean wind speed profiles are approximately 0.1 for wind from the sea and 0.2-0.3 for wind blown over land. Those of the turbulence intensity profiles are approximately 0 and −0.2 to 0.4, respectively.     

浅谈如何提高砂石桩复合地基的强度

介绍了砂石桩及其作用原理，结合具体工程实例，对砂石桩进行了设计计算，并对砂石桩的地基加固效果进行了检验，得出了砂石桩处理粉土及粉质粘土效果较好，可进一步提高地基承载力特征值的结论。     

城市化效应对上海短历时设计暴雨强度的影响

了解城市化对短历时设计暴雨强度的影响，对改善市政基础设施的设计、管理有重要意义。利用上海徐汇区40年完整的降雨资料和市郊站点25年的短历时降雨年最大值资料，分别推求了上海市中心城区和市郊区县的暴雨强度公式。通过同一时期中心城区和区县设计雨量的对比，结合气候和地理因素的影响分析，揭示了上海中心城区与市郊短历时设计暴雨强度的差异及其与重现期的关系。在国内目前的设计重现期下，城市化效应对上海城区排水系统的设计标准并无实质性影响；重现期〉1a，则中心城区的设计雨量反而小于郊县，其暴雨强度公式应用于多数区县排水系统的设计不甚安全；南汇区的短历时设计暴雨强度明显大于中心城区，其排水系统设计宜考虑采用当地的暴雨强度公式。     

岩爆预测的概率模型

基于岩石单轴抗压破坏特征和强度概率分布规律，首次引入岩爆烈度是岩石概率破坏表现的观点，建立岩爆烈度与岩石单轴压缩强度概率密度函数的对应关系，进而确定不同应力强度比条件下各级岩爆烈度发生概率的计算式。该预测模型能够反映洞室岩爆发生的基本规律，并可以预测不同应力条件下的各级岩爆的发生概率。工程实例分析表明该预测模型是有效的。     

水泥混凝土接面凿毛造型与强度关系的探讨与试验

研究了新旧水泥混凝土接面不同毛面形式其接面强度的区别，通过对八种不同造型的接头界面的连接试验，找出了界面造型与接面强度关系的规律，提出了接面凿毛的最佳界面形式，得出新旧混凝土体对接时界面凿毛造型应是槽形为最佳的结论，并提出提高接面强度的方法和工艺，这一成果对桥梁施工工艺具有指导意义。